> Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for Buildings

Indonesian National Standard (abbreviated INS) is the only
nationally accepted standards in Indonesia. SNI formulated by
Technical Committee and determined by the BSN. Test Distribution by sector
International Classification for Standards (ICS), which is divided into 9 sectors
as follows:

- Agriculture and food technology
- Construction
- Electronics
- Information and communication technology
- Engineering technology
- Infrastructure and natural sciences in general
- Health, safety and environment
- Materials technology
- Special technology
- Transport and food distribution

Furthermore, SNI in construction and buildings grouped by
Department of Public Works into related fields more
Specifically, among others: the structure of the building, construction, building safety,
building, housing, bridges, roads, materials and materials, and others. When
This SNI construction sector that has reached more than 769 ISO, which
grouped above methods, specifications and ordinances. Some examples
SNI list for the field structure in table 1.1.

READ MORE - > Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for Buildings

> Implementing K3 Activities in the Field

Implementation of K3 in the field include:

• K3 activity in the field of safety implementation plan, through kerjansama with relevant agencies of K3, namely the Department of Labour, the police and rumahnsakit.

• K3 implementation supervision activities, including:

- Safety patrol, which is a K3 team consisting of 2 or 3 people
carry out patrols to record things that do not fit
K3 and provisions that are at risk of accidents.
- Safety supervisors; is the officer who appointed the project manager
to conduct supervision of the implementation work
viewed in terms of K3.
- Safety meeting, which is meeting to discuss project results
safety reports and safety patrol supervisor

• Reporting and handling accidents, consisting of:

- Reporting and handling of minor accidents
- Reporting and handling of serious accidents
- Reporting and handling of accidents with fatalities
- Reporting and handling of heavy equipment accidents

READ MORE - > Implementing K3 Activities in the Field

> Preparation of Safety Plan

Safety plan is a plan
K3 for project implementation
which aims for in the implementation
project will be
safe from accidents and hazards
disease resulting
labor productivity
high. Safety plan contains:

• Opening that contains: Overview of the project and principal attention to the activities K3
• The risk of accidents and its prevention
• The procedure for operation of equipment
• Address related institutions: Hospitals, Police, Department of Labour, Department Firefighter.

Examples of the contents of the safety plan as in Table 1.2 of the risk of accidents and
prevention, as well as table 1.3 regarding the procedure of the operation of the appliance.

READ MORE - > Preparation of Safety Plan

> Training Courses K3

The training program consists of the K3 2 parts, namely:

• Training in general, with training materials regarding the K3 guide the project, for example:

- Practical implementation of occupational safety and health
on building projects
- Handling, storage and maintenance materials
- Safety and health in the civil works
- Safety and health in the work of finishing outside
- Safety and health in the work of mechanical and
electrical
- Safety and health at work finishing in
- Safety and health at work formwork
- Safety and health at work pembesian
- Safety and health work in temporary jobs
- Safety and health in the work of steel frame
- Safety and health in the work of the special structure
- Safety and health at work pembetonan
- Safety and health in the work of pile foundation and
strutting
- Safety and health in demolition job

• Special training project, which is given at the beginning of the project and in the middle period of the project as a refresher, the participants all the officers involved in project supervision, the materials on general knowledge about the K3 or the Safety Plan of the relevant projects

READ MORE - > Training Courses K3

> Supplies and Equipment K3

Supplies and equipment
supporting programs K3,
include:

• Promotion programs K3, which consists of:

- Installation of flag K3,
RI flag, flag company.
- Installation of sign-board
K3 which contains among other
slogans that remind
the need to work
safely

• Facility equipment attached to the person or called protective equipment (personal protective equipment), including:  

- Protective eye and face

Safety glasses (figure 1.7a) is the equipment most
widely used as protective eyewear. Although it seems
similar to ordinary glasses, but a stronger safety glasses
and impact resistant and heat resistant than ordinary glass eye.
Goggle provides better protection than
Safety glass for more against the face (figure 1.7b)

Face shield (Figure 1.8a) provides protection
comprehensive in the face of danger splashes of chemicals, the object
flying or liquid iron. Many of these face shield
can be used in conjunction with the use of helmets.

Welding helmet (Figure 1.8b) gives good protection in
face and also eye. This helmet uses a special lens holder
which filters out light and heat energy intesnsitas which
generated from welding activities.

- Hearing protection, and the type most widely used:
Foam earplugs, PVC earplugs, earmuffs (figure 1.9)

- Protective head or helmet (hard hat), which protects the head
because it has the following: a layer of hard, resistant and strong
against the impact of the head; suspension system
in it act as a drag shocks; some
designed to withstand the kind of electric shock, and protect
scalp, face, neck and shoulders from splashes, spills, and droplets.

The types of protective head as shown in Figure 1.10, among others:
Class G to protect the head from falling objects; and
protect from electrical shocks to 2200 volts.
Class E to protect the head from falling objects, and can
protect from electric shock to 20,000 volts.
Class F to protect the head from falling objects, NOT
protect from electric shock, and do not protect from
damaging materials (corrosive)

- Protective feet of shoes and boots, as seen in
1.11ag picture, among others:

a) Steel toe, shoes that are designed to protect the toe of
falling objects
b) metatarsal, shoes specially designed to protect all
foot from the lever until finger
c) Reinforced sole, this shoe is designed with a reinforcing material from
iron that will protect from puncture of the foot
d) Latex / Rubber, shoes that are resistant to chemicals and
provide a stronger grip on slippery surfaces.
e) PVC boots, shoes that protect from moisture and helps
walking in the muddy
f) Vinyl boots, shoes that bear chemical solvents, acids, alkali, salt, water and blood
g) Nitrile boots, shoes that are resistant to animal fats, oils, and chemicals

- Hand protection in the form of gloves to the type-species
as shown in Figure 1.12ag, among others:

a) Metal mesh, gloves that are resistant to end things
sharp and protect hands from cuts
b) Leather gloves, protects hands from rough surfaces.

c) Vinyl and neoprene gloves, protects hands from toxic chemicals
d) Rubber gloves, protects hands when working with electricity
e) padded cloth gloves, protects hands from sharp edges, bumpy and dirty.
f) Heat resistant gloves, protects hands from heat and fire
g) disposable latex gloves, protects hands from bacteria and germs

- Protective danger of falling with the kinds of, among others: (drawing 1.13)

a) Full Body Hardness (Clothes Fall Hazards holder), the system
designed to spread the impact energy or
shock at the time of fall through the shoulders, thighs and buttocks.

Clothing retaining danger of falling is designed with the design
comfortable for the wearer where the fastener shoulders, chest,
and thigh straps can be adjusted by the wearer. Clothing
danger of falling retaining ring is equipped with "D" (high)
located behind and in front of where the connecting rope
fastener, rope or other auxiliary equipment that can
paired

b) Life Line (string connection), connection string bending with tensile strength
minimum of 500 kg of which one end tied to place
linkages and hang vertically, or attached to
place another link to be used horizontally

c) Anchor Point (Links Place), where menyangkutkan hook
which at least should be able to withstand 500 kg per worker
using the relation thereto. Place the link should be selected to prevent the possibility of falling. Place the link, if
possible should be placed higher than the wearer's shoulders

d) Lanyard (Tali Binder), a flexible short rope or webbing
rope, clothing protectors are used to connect a fall-building
workers to place the link or connection string. Long strap
may not exceed 2 meters and have a button hook
to lock automatically

e) Refracting Life Lines (Ropes Fasteners association), the components
is used to prevent the strap is not too
lax. The rope will be elongated and shortened in
automatically when the workers rise as well on the way down.

READ MORE - > Supplies and Equipment K3

> Scope of Works and Buildings Project

The building is a physical manifestation of a construction work, and therefore
The next building project is also called the construction project.

In general, construction projects are divided into 3 types, namely:

• Housing construction projects / residential (Residential Construction)
  is a residential housing development project
  based on stages of development simultaneously with
  provision of supporting infrastructure. This project type is needed
  careful planning for the existing infrastructure in
  neighborhoods such as roads, clean water, electricity
  and other facilities.

• Building construction (building construction), is
  type of construction projects that are mostly done. This type of construction
  emphasis on practical considerations of construction and technology, and
  consideration in local building regulations. (Figure 1.2)

• Civil Engineering Construction Projects (heavy engineering construction),
  is a process of adding
  infrastructure in an environment
  wake up (built environment). Owner
  project (owner) is usually government
  either at national or regional level.

In this project design elements, financial
and legal considerations remain
important consideration, although the project
This is a non-profit, and prioritizing
community service (public
services). Several construction projects
which includes the type of project
including power projects,
highway (Figure 1.3), railways,
dams, mining, and others.

• Building Construction Industry (industrial construction), is
  a relatively small part of the construction industry, but a
  an important component. Project owner (owner) is usually a
  a large company or industry, such as oil companies,
  pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries. The process undertaken in this industry
  require special expertise in the field of planning, design and construction.

In Indonesia, the type of construction work mentioned in the laws
construction services (Act no 18 of 1999), includes:

• Architectural work which includes among other forms of processing
  and mass of buildings based on the functions and requirements
  required every construction job.
• Civil works include construction of the port,
  airports, railways, coastal security, irrigation canals or
  canals, dams, tunnels, structural buildings, roads, bridges,
  swamp reclamation, pipeline installation job, the job
  drilling, and land clearing.  

• Work is mechanical and electrical installation work of industrial engineering products.

- Mechanical Work includes installation of turbines,
establishment and installation of plant, equipment installation
buildings, water piping installation work,. oil and gas.
- Works include the construction of electrical networks
transmission and electricity distribution, electrical installation,
telecommunications along with the accessories.

• The work of environmental governance include: job processing
  and final settlement building and the environment.

READ MORE - > Scope of Works and Buildings Project

> Scope of Building Work

The building is a physical manifestation
result of construction work
fused with the locus
both in the top, below ground
and / or in water. Buildings are usually
connoted with houses, buildings
or all facilities, infrastructure
or infrastructure in culture
or human life in
build a civilization like
well as bridge and its construction
as well as design, streets, facilities
telecommunications, and others.

Building techniques is a
related engineering disciplines
with the planning, design, construction,
operation, renovation and
maintenance of buildings, including
also related to the impact
to the surrounding environment.

Construction is a
activities to build facilities and
infrastructure. In the field of architecture
or civil engineering, a construction
also known as a building or
infrastructure unit at one or
in some areas. A job
construction is a combination or series of a lot of work.

Construction work is generally governed by a construction manager
(Construction manager), and conducted and supervised by managers
projects, power engineering design (design engineer) or architect field
(Project architect).

Construction project is a series of activities related to
development effort of building something like the example in Figure 1.1,
generally includes a main job in the field of civil engineering and
architecture, although not infrequently also involve other disciplines such as engineering
industry, machinery, electrical, geotechnical, and landscaping.

READ MORE - > Scope of Building Work

> Science in Building Engineering

Disciplines relevant to the building and construction techniques
among others:

- Civil engineering for building structures and foundations
- Architecture, to design buildings include building form, function,
building regulations and specifications
- Mechanical, for penghawaan, and air conditioning systems
building mechanical services
- Electrical, for power distribution and control systems and electrical
building
- Physics buildings for lighting and acoustics of buildings
- Economic feasibility study and engineering for project analysis
economy
- Management for the management or project management

Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is one branch of engineering science that studies
about how to design, build, renovate not only
buildings and infrastructure, but also covers the environment for
benefit of human life. Branches of civil engineering with
applications such as in Figure 1.4, among others:

STRUCTURE, the branch that studies the structural problems of material
used for development. Some choice of materials
buildings including: steel, concrete, wood, glass or other materials. In
field is studied more in depth issues related to
structural design of buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels from
construction of the foundation until the building is ready for use.

Geotechnical engineering, the branch that studies the structure and properties of various kinds
soil to support a building that will stand on it.
Coverage can be a field investigation which is
investigation into the circumstances of a local soil and reinforced with
laboratory investigation.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, branches that study the problem in
construction projects relating to economy, job scheduling,
payback, the cost of the project, as well as all matters related to
licensing laws and building up to the organization of work in
field so that the buildings are completed on time.

HYDROLOGY and Environment, a branch which studies water and
natural environment, and control problems. Covering this area
among others, the branch of hydrology water (with respect to weather, rainfall,
discharge water of a river, etc.), hydraulics (material properties of water, water pressure, force
push water, etc.) and water structure such as ports, dams, irrigation,
reservoir / dam, canal until remedial techniques.

TRANSPORTATION, branch of learning about the transportation system
in the planning and implementation. This area includes, among others
construction and regulation of highways, construction of airports, terminals,
station and its management.

CIVIL ENGINEERING INFORMATICS, a new branch that studies the application of
computer technology for the calculation and modeling of a system in
development projects or research buildings. Covering this area
which include structural modeling (structural and material
or CAD), modeling the movement of ground water or sewage, modeling
environment with GIS technology (Geographic Information System).

Architecture
Architecture is the knowledge and art to design buildings
and structure, in a broader sense includes design
overall built environment, ranging from macro level to plan
city, region or environment, landscaping or landscape, to
micro level for the design and construction details of building design
furniture or furniture.

Architecture as the initial process planning and design space
and the physical building must consider all aspects of life
in the process. The purpose of architecture that must be fulfilled so well is
fulfillment will use (function), power (structure), and beauty (aesthetics).

Areas of architectural design includes:

• Space Environment In Buildings (Building Indoor Environment)
  include environmental aspects in the design, analysis and efficiency
  energy, health and comfort of the building. Specialty fields
  including thermal comfort, air quality, artificial lighting,
  acoustics, HVAC and control systems.

• Building Envelope is an application that describes all
  areas of building engineering, especially building science and environment
  in space. This field focuses on the analysis and design
  bangunana sheath, including building resilience, heat transfer
  and humidity as well as interaction with the environment in space.

• Building Science focuses on the analysis and control of phenomena
  physics that affect the appearance of building materials and systems
  closing the building.

• Building Structure into account the principles of structural mechanics,
  material behavior and the analysis and design of steel, reinforced concrete,
  wooden structures.

• Construction Management (Construction Management) includes techniques
  construction, construction process, planning, scheduling, control
  project, workers and building arrangements.

• Computer Aided Engineering

• Energy Efficiency (Energy Efficiency), covering analysis, design, and control
  energy efficiency or low-energy, HVAC systems, as well as building Intelegent

Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP)
Mechanical, electrical and plumbing or MEP is a job
installation systems and equipment within buildings as part of the function
building or utility service building (utility building). In Indonesia
MEP knowledge in fields including science and engineering
electrical engineering.

MEP expertise included in the field of mechanical engineering science:

- Installation and electric generator engines and water pumps,

Air conditioning machines, elevators and escalators, etc.

- Welding Engineering
- Machinery and heavy equipment construction

MEP expertise included in the field of science in electrical engineering:

- Installation and electrical power equipment
- Installation of lighting and electrical equipment
- Installing lightning rods
- Installation and telephone equipment, computer networks and multimedia,
detection systems and building controls

READ MORE - > Science in Building Engineering